Protocol

CCIP Key Components

• Sender: The user who initiates cross-chain transactions by interacting with the cross-environment interoperability system.

• Relayer: A decentralized network of MPC validators responsible for generating ZK-proofs for transactions, aggregating these proofs, and submitting the asset claim to the target chain on behalf of the user.

• Funding Pool: A pool where users can stake funds. Relayer nodes interact with this pool to facilitate the transfer of assets to the recipient’s address on the target chain.

• Staker: Participants who stake assets into the funding pool and earn a share of the cross-chain transaction fees generated by user activities.

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Workflow

RootHash Bridge CCIP Asset Cross-Chain Mode

The Funding Pool mode involves deploying a Funding Pool on both the source chain and the target chain.

When a user initiates a cross-chain transfer, the assets are first sent to the Funding Pool on the source chain. The Relayer network monitors this transaction event, aggregates the corresponding ZK-proof, and submits it to the target chain. Once the target chain successfully verifies the proof, the equivalent assets are transferred from its Funding Pool to the user’s address.

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RootHash Bridge CCIP Funding Pool

RootHash bridge has enabled staking functionality within the Funding Pool on all supported chains, allowing users to contribute liquidity to the cross-chain interoperability ecosystem through staking.

To simplify understanding, the Funding Pool model can be compared to a banking system:

• A user transferring assets from Chain A to Chain B is similar to transferring money from Bank A to Bank B.

• The user first deposits funds into Bank A (source chain Funding Pool), which issues a deposit certificate—analogous to a ZK-proof.

• The Relayer network collects and processes these certificates, identifies those destined for Bank B, and forwards them accordingly.

• Upon receiving and validating the certificates, Bank B (target chain Funding Pool) releases the funds to the user and sends a confirmation notification—mirroring the cross-chain completion notice.